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螺杆式冷水机组常见故障分类 原因解析处理方法

2016-06-17 17:15:24   来源:http://sxt.qblzl.com/       
导读:今天小编就给大家介绍一下螺杆式冷水机组常见故障的现象分析,1.通信故障 2.低压故障   3.高压故障 4.压缩机过热故障 5.低阀温故障
        螺杆式冷水机组是冷水机组中的一个类型,因为优势突出而备受欢迎。然而,螺杆式冷水机组在运行的过程中会遇到一些故障。今天小编就给大家介绍一下螺杆式冷水机组常见故障的现象分析。

螺杆式冷水机组常见故障及处理方法:

       1.通信故障
  
  电脑控制器对各个模块的控制是通过通信线和总接口板来实现的,造成通信故障的主要原因是通信线路接触不良或断路,特别是接口受潮氧化造成接触不良,另外单元电子板或总接口板故障,地址拨码开关选择不当,电源故障都可造成通信故障。

  2.低压故障  
  压缩机吸气压力过低,导致低压保护继电器动作。压缩机吸气压力反映的是蒸发压力,正常值应在0.4~0. 6MPa,保护值设定为0. 2MPa。吸气压力低,则回气量少,制冷量不足,造成电能的浪费,对于回气冷却的压缩机马达散热不良,易损坏电机。

  产生低压故障的原因如下:  

  (1)制冷剂不足或泄漏。若是制冷剂不足,只是部分泄漏,则停机时平衡压力可能较高,而开机后吸气压力较低,排气压力也较低,压缩机运行电流较小,运行时间较短即报低压故障。若是制冷剂大部分泄漏,则平衡压力很低,开机即报低压故障。还有一种可能是制冷剂足够,但膨胀阀开启度过小或堵塞(或制冷剂管路不畅通),也可能造成低压故障。这种情况往往平衡压力较高,但运行时吸气压力很低,排气压力很高,压缩机运行电流也很大,同时阀温也很低,膨胀阀结霜,停机后压力很长时间才能恢复平衡。这种情况一般发生在低温期运行或每年的运行初期,运行一段时间后可恢复正常。 
  (2)冷媒水流量不足,吸收的热量少,制冷剂蒸发效果差,而且是过冷过饱和蒸汽,易产生湿压缩,表现为机组进出水压力差变小,温差变大,吸气温度低,吸气口有结霜现象。造成水流量不足的原因是:系统内存有空气或缺水,解决办法是在管道高处安装排气阀进行排气;管道过滤器堵塞或选用过细,透水能力受限,应选用合适的过滤器并定期清理过滤网;水泵选用较小,与系统不配套,应选用较大的水泵,或启用备用水泵。 

  (3)蒸发器堵塞,换热不良,制冷剂不能蒸发,其危害与缺水一样,不同的是表现为进出水压力差变大,吸气口也会出现结霜,因此应定期对机组进行反冲洗。 

  (4)电气故障引起误报。由于低压保护继电器受潮短路、接触不良或损坏,单元电子板受潮或损坏,通信故障引起的误报。

  (5)外界气温较低,冷却水温度很低时开机运行,也会发生低压故障;机组运行时,由于没有足够的预热,冷冻油温度低,制冷剂没有充分分离,也会发生低压故障。对于前一种情况,可以采取关闭冷却塔,节流冷却水等措施,以提高冷却水温度。对于后一种情况,则延长预热时间,冷冻油温度回升后一般可恢复正常。 

  3.高压故障   

  压缩机排气压力过高,导致高压保护继电器动作。压缩机排气压力反映的是冷凝压力,正常值应在1.4~1. 6MPa,保护值设定为2.0MPa。若是长期压力过高,会导致压缩机运行电流过大,易烧电机,还易造成压缩机排气口阀片损坏。

  产生高压故障的原因如下:  

  (1)冷却水温偏高,冷凝效果不良。冷水机组要求的冷却水额定工况在30~35℃,水温高,散热不良,必然导致冷凝压力高,这种现象往往发生在高温季节。造成水温高的原因可能是:冷却塔故障,如风机未开甚至反转,布水器不转,表现为冷却水温度很高,而且快速升高;外界气温高,水路短,可循环的水量少,这种情况冷却水温度一般维持在较高的水平,可以采取增加储水池的办法予以解决。
 
  (2)冷却水流量不足,达不到额定水流量。主要表现是机组进出水压力差变小(与系统投入运行之初的压力差相比),温差变大。造成水流量不足的原因是系统缺水或存有空气,解决办法是在管道高处安装排气阀进行排气;管道过滤器堵塞或选用过细,透水能力受限,应选用合适的过滤器并定期清理过滤网;水泵选用较小,与系统不配套。

  (3)冷凝器结垢或堵塞。冷凝水一般用自来水,在30℃以上时很容易结垢,而且由于冷却塔是开式的,直接暴露在空气中,灰尘异物很容易进入冷却水系统,造成冷凝器脏堵,换热面积小,效率低,而且也影响水流量。其表现是机组进出水压力差、温差变大,用手摸冷凝器上下温度都很高,冷凝器出液铜管烫手。应定期对机组进行反冲洗,必要时进行化学清洗除垢。

  (4)制冷剂充注过多。这种情况一般发生在维修之后,表现为吸排气压力、平衡压力都偏高,压缩机运行电流也偏高。应在额定工况下根据吸排气压力和平衡压力以及运行电流放气,直至正常。 

  (5)制冷剂内混有空气、氮气等不凝结气体。这种情况一般发生在维修后,抽真空不彻底。只能排掉,重新抽真空,重新充注制冷剂。  

  (6)电气故障引起的误报。由于高压保护继电器受潮、接触不良或损坏,单元电子板受潮或损坏,通信故障引起误报。这种假故障,往往电子板上的HP故障指示灯不亮或微亮,高压保护继电器手动复位无效,电脑显示“HP RESET”,或自动消失,测压缩机运行电流正常,吸排气压力也正常。 
 
  4.压缩机过热故障      

  压缩机马达绕组内嵌有热敏电阻,阻值一般为1kΩ。绕组过热时,阻值会迅速增大,超过141kΩ时,热保护模块SSM动作,切断机组运行,同时显示过热故障,TH故障指示灯亮。

  产生压缩机过热故障的原因如下:  

  (1)压缩机负荷过大,过电流运行。可能的原因是:冷却水温太高、制冷剂充注过多或制冷系统内有空气等不凝结气体,导致压缩机负荷大,表现为过电流,并伴有高压故障。  

  (2)电气故障造成的压缩机过电流运行。如三相电源电压过低或三相不平衡,导致电流或某一相电流过大;交流接触器损坏,触点烧蚀,造成接触电流过大或因缺相而电流过大。 

  (3)过热保护模块SSM受潮或损坏,中间继电器损坏,触点不良,表现为开机即出现过热故障,压缩机不能启动。如果单元电子板故障或通信故障,也可能假报过热故障。

  5.低阀温故障   
  膨胀阀出口温度反映的是蒸发温度,是影响换热的一个因素,一般它与冷媒水出水温度差5~6℃。当发生低阀温故障时,压缩机会停机,当阀温回升后,自动恢复运行,保护值为-2℃。

  产生低阀温故障的原因如下:  
 
  (1)制冷剂少量泄漏,一般表现为低阀温故障而不是低压故障。制冷剂不足,在膨胀阀出口处即蒸发,造成降温,表现为膨胀阀出口出现结霜,同时吸气口温度较高(过热蒸汽)制冷量下降,降温慢。 

  (2)膨胀阀堵塞或开启度太小,系统不干净,如维修后制冷剂管路未清理干净,制冷剂不纯或含水分。  

  (3)冷媒水流量不足或蒸发器堵塞,换热不良造成蒸发温度低,吸气温度也低,而膨胀阀的开度是根据吸气温度来调节的,温度低则开度小,从而造成低阀温故障。
  
  (4)电气故障引起的误报,如阀温线接触不良,导致电脑显示-5℃不变

        螺杆式冷水机组的故障还有很多,为了尽快解决空调故障问题,好是寻找专业的维修人员前来维修,否则造成经济损失或损坏空调,就得不偿失了。

相关热词搜索:螺杆式冷水机组常见故障

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